The viscosity of liquid metals can vary greatly depending on the atomic composition of the liquid, especially in the case of alloys. This results in the use of these materials for specific heat conducting and/or dissipation applications.Īnother advantage of liquid alloy systems is their inherent high densities. They also have a higher electrical conductivity that allows the liquid to be pumped more efficiently, by electromagnetic pumps. Thermal and electrical conductivity Īlloy systems that are liquid at room temperature have thermal conductivity far superior to ordinary non-metallic liquids, allowing liquid metal to efficiently transfer energy from the heat source to the liquid. The standard metal for creating liquid alloys used to be mercury, but gallium-based alloys, which are lower both in their vapor pressure at room temperature and toxicity, are being used as a replacement in various applications.

Īlloys can be liquid if they form a eutectic, meaning that the alloy's melting point is lower than any of the alloy's constituent metals. Calculations predict that the radioactive metals copernicium (Cn) and flerovium (Fl) should also be liquid at room temperature. The radioactive metal francium (Fr) is probably liquid close to room temperature as well.

Three more stable elemental metals melt just above room temperature: caesium (Cs), which has a melting point of 28.5 ☌ (83.3 ☏) gallium (Ga) (30 ☌ ) and rubidium (Rb) (39 ☌ ). The only stable liquid elemental metal at room temperature is mercury (Hg), which is molten above −38.8 ☌ (234.3 K, −37.9 ☏). A liquid metal is a metal or a metal alloy which is liquid at or near room temperature.

Liquid metal